For many species of medicinal plants their wild population is on critical level and it is not suitable for dealing ex situ conservation action. Conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants laima sveistyte1. The documentation of ex situ collections of plant genetic. Name of mpca district agroclimatic zone forest divisions forest type mean altd. And the in situ conservation rate of cr, en and nr species were 83. Demand for and trade in these medicinal plants have been increasing. Some of these are undertaken directly at the places where the plants are found, while others are less direct, such as some of those relating to commercial systems, ex situ conservation and bioprospecting. In situ conservation alone would not be effective in safeguarding these important species. Promotions of in situ conservation of medicinal plants is also important to the ayush due to its dependants on medicinal plants. At the start of the new millennium 21st century, we see that for a.
In situ conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species. The project sought to achieve its objectives through the implementation of three components. Twenty medicinal plants conservation development areasi covering 24,047 hectare, were developed in three project states which also includes conservation of 32 gsmps. Conservation status and therapeutic potential of saussurea. Pdf this paper covers the diversity, distribution and status of medicinal plants in india, including the need for in situ and ex situ conservation find, read and cite all the research you. The good news is that this new assessment shows that only 2. Mainstreaming conservation and sustainable use of medicinal. Conservation of threatened species of medicinal plants and their habitats and support for livelihood security through protection of wild medicinal plants based on sustainable harvesting.
Pdf this case study was conducted to assess the role of homegardens for in situ conservation of medicinal plant diversity in district nainital. Ethnobocfany and medicinal plants ethnobotany, emerging diseases and options although. In situ conservation practices through biosphere reserves, sanctuaries, and national parks can preserve the breeding. Because so many species of plants are medicinal, medicinal plant conservation is, in some ways, a microcosm of plant conservation as a whole. In the indian himalayan region, about 1748 species of medicinal plants 7, 675 species of wild edibles 4, 279 species of fodder 8, 118. In situ conservation of wild plant species a critical global. Under medicinal plants component of the nam scheme supporting market driven cultivation of 140 prioritized medicinal lants in identified cluster zones with in the selected districts of states and implemented in a mission mode. The endangered alpine plant aconitum heterophyllum was conserved under ex situ conditions greenhouse and open of palampur by overcoming seed dormancy and plant establishment through hot water treatment 4060 c for 30120 s of seeds. In india, the conservation of forest areas preserve through protected areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves. Conservation of rare and endangered plant species for. To conserve populations of medicinal plant species in natural habitats.
In 2016, 29% of wild relative plant species were completely missing from the worlds genebanks, with a further 24% represented by fewer than 10 samples. Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to. Master thesis conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Among the various ex situ conservation methods, seed storage is the most convenient for longterm conservation of plant genetic resources. Review of conservation status of target taxa and preparation of species conservation assessments. Insitu method of conservation deals with the onsite. Insitu conservation deals with the onsite conservation of the wild genetic resourcesgenetic diversity in natural habitat.
In situ conservation of domesticated genetic resources is usually more difficult than that of wild genetic resources, and little is known about the factors that would favor it. Nov 18, 2020 in situ conservation is one of the methods of the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species. A large proportion 85% of these plants had medicinal value. The objective of conservation of medicinal plant diversity depends on maintaining stability of their ecosystems and utilization of the inherent phytochemicals for developing highvalue products ratnam and teik 1999. Medicinal plant international union for conservation of nature. Ex situ conservation ex situ conservation dealing with the offsite conservation of the wild genetic resources genetic diversity. Insitu conservation national medicinal plants board. Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to conserve the genetic diversity, thereby reducing pressure on wild habitats and augmenting raw material availability. Create a replicable model in the areas and with other partners. Conservation of medicinal plants by who, iucn, wwf and traffic process and scope wolfgang kathe consultant to wwfuk.
In conclusion, this thesis has improved to the understanding of the imperfectly known vegetation in bgrs and medicinal plants used by kafficho people. In situ conservation of medicinal plants in and around the mountains and. But minimal conservation measures were recorded in the community. Building on medicinal plant knowledge of local healers. Most of the medicinal plant species are endemic in nature and the characteristic they possess are due to the secondary metabolites. This includes inventorying and monitoring of medicinal. Finally, we describe the results of experimental trials to stimulate medicinal plant cultivation by female medicinal plant hawkers. Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants ex situ conservation involves the process of protecting an endangered species and developing it outside its natural habitat.
Guidelines on the conservation of medicinal plants who world. Concept, approach and actors of speciesbased in situ conservation 1 1. Various conservation methods were mentioned in the past by many authors. From a total of plant species identified in the present study, 11% were used as traditional medicinal plants. Pdf conservation of medicinal plant biodiversity an. Approaches to conservation of medicinal plants and. In situ conservation of wild plant species bioversity international.
Then we give an overview of local perception regarding the use and cultivation of medicinal plants as well as the local beliefs regarding the need for conservation of medicinal plants. Population pattern and phenological behaviours for. Ex situ conservation of aconitum heterophyllum wall. Of which, 222 tmvps were distributed in 49 national nature reserves, with an in situ conservation rate of 80. It has been argued that in situ conservation has a potentially valuable role to play in an integrated system. The national medicinal plants board has been established by government of india to coordinate with all matters relating to medicinal plants and support policies and programs for growth of trade, export, conservation and cultivation. Demonstration of replicable models of in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants.
Examples of in situ conservation of various types of taxa, such as threatened species, medicinal and aromatic species, forestry species, crop wild relatives, fruit trees and shrubs, and ornamental and other miscellaneous groups across the world are provided as illustrations of their effective conservation in situ. Conservation of medicinal plants journal of pharmaceutical. Pdf the role of homegardens for in situ conservation of. Formation of one acre of medicinal plant conservation demonstration park. Conservation of threatened medicinal plants has become an increasingly important role through ex situ.
Already, about 15,000 medicinal plant species may be threatened with extinction worldwide. In the indian himalayan region, about 1748 species of medicinal plants. It involves survey, inventorisation and documentation of important. A regional approach to nordic crop wild relative in situ. Approximately 200 species of medicinal plants are in common use, and of these 50 are heavily used in ayurvedic and traditional health care systems. The rcmpcc initiative was envisioned by a mumbaibased ngo, called rural commune for the in situ conservation and sustainable utilization of the medicinal plant diversity of maharashtra, through developing partnerships among the forest department, local communities and ngos. Pdf in vitro rapid multiplication protocol for ex situ. For all of these reasons, the study and conservation of medicinal plant and animal species has become increasingly urgent. An integrated approach to identification and conservation of. In the latter cases, actions taken will not lead to in situ conservation unless they feedback to improvements in the. Nearly 80 medicinal plant species are now considered threatened. Popular observations on the use and efficacy of medicinal plants significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties, so that they are frequently prescribed, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely known. Conservation of medicinal plants in central america and the. An evidencebased approach to conservation through medicinal plants alan hamilton 1.
Traditional medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge are the main systems to maintain human health in gubalafto district. Conservation of medicinal plants of western ghats, india. Such findings give hints for prioritization of plant species for in situ and ex situ conservation. A medicinal plant conservation area the main aim of jammu and kashmir medicinal plants introduction centre is to conserve the medicinal plants in its natural habitat and preserve its gene pool. As per the scheme guideline, the support is provided for. Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods convention on. It was successfully propagated in vitro using apical shoot tips as explants. The accelerating loss of species and habitat worldwide adds to this urgency. In situ conservation efforts worldwide have focused on establishing protected areas and taking an approach that is ecosystemoriented, rather.
Conservation of medicinal plant is to support sustainable develop protecting and using. Both in situ and ex situ conservation are recognized as valuable tools for medicinal plant conservation. Since the need to improve in situ conservation of cwr has been recognized by the convention on biological diversity cbd 2010 and the global strategy for plant conservation 20112020, it is important to develop ways to safeguard these important genetic resources. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against. Conservation problem is a major threat to the rich biodiversity of africa, particularly the medicinal plants. High seed germination 88 and 76% was obtained when seeds were treated with hot water at 45 and 50 c for 90 s. Institutional mechanisms established, towards sustainable harvest and use of medicinal plants and to ensure equitable access and sharing of benefits. The role of homegardens for in situ conservation of plant biodiversity in holeta town, oromia national regional state, ethiopia. Medicinal plants at risk center for biological diversity. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. It is certainly a long way between the documents and the practical implementation of the proposed actions. Population pattern and phenological behaviours for selected medicinal plants in nigeria.
The role of traditional management practices in enhancing. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of. Medicinal plant international union for conservation of. Cultivation can also have conservation impacts, however, and these need to be better understood. Pdf insitu conservation and traditional uses of medicinal. Medicinal plant production through cultivation, for example.
It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. To improve techniques for harvesting, storage and production. Spanish ex situ collections of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture pgrfa are organized in a national network supported by the national programme on conservation and utilization of pgrfa. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation of wild plant species a critical. Successful in situ conservation depends on rules, regulations, and potential compliance of medicinal plants within growth habitats. The study of homegarden agrobiodiversity, practices of.
Local knowledge in communitybased approaches to medicinal. Ex situ conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to conserve the genetic diversity, thereby reducing pressure on wild habitats and augmenting. It includes the collection, preservation and maintenance of selected genetic resources from wild. Conservation of medicinal plants the gef small grants. Specifically, this project seeks to promote the conservation and sustainable use of maps in three indian states of arunachal pradesh. Biodiversity loss implies the loss of useful species for medicine, food or fibre, their pharmacological properties, the knowledge about the uses, aethetic value. Because of a common species to the himalaya, the dispersal of this species is fairly limited to extremely slight geographical range 52, which makes it more vulnerable to extinction. And the in situ conservation rate of cr, en and nr. This book is the outcome of that meeting, detailing in a series of papers by leading experts the problems of which need to be addressed, the existing experiences from a range of countries and the future direction which must be taken to ensure the conservation of the worlds medicinal plants. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against human. This paper aims at highlighting the importance of adopting proactive measure through education and local communities participation in order to conserve the medicinal plant wealth in nigeria. Pdf insitu conservation and traditional uses of medicinal plants. The nordic flora includes many species related to food, forage and other.
Population pattern and phenological behaviours for selected. Direct matrix analysis showed that juniperus procera was the most important versatile species followed by cordia africana. Approximately 60,000 plant species are harvested mainly for medicinal usage in the world. A 1department of biological sciences, bells university of technology, p. The guidelines on the conservation of medicinal plants were published in 1993 by who.
At least 60% of threatened plants in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and available for recovery restoration programmes, with 1% in active reintroduction programmes. Ex situ and insitu conservation of medicinal plants with. International union for conservation of nature and natural resources. Conservation of medicinal plants in central america and. For medicinal plants, ex situ conservation aims at the conservation concern by way of raising of nurseries, seedling supply, plantations and by establishing medicinal plant gardens. The traditions of planting nutritional plants and wild plant species in homegardens for medicinal purpose have a vital role to in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity. In other words, it is a set of conservation techniques. This case study was conducted to assess the role of homegardens for in situ conservation of medicinal plant diversity in district nainital, uttarakhand, india from july 2014 to july 2016. To conserve populations of medicinal plant species ex situ.
Diversity, indigenous uses and conservation status of. Transference of ethnobotanical knowledge and threat. Pesek t1, abramiuk m, garagic d, fini n, meerman j, cal v. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. This deals about the promotion of sustainable medicinal plant cultivation through the process of building ipr and field gene bank.
The present study aimed to develop an efficient in vitro rapid multiplication protocol for a. Assessing insitu conservation status of threatened. Tasmania has a strong record of successful in situ plant conservation but there will always be a role for the integration of various ex situ measures into a plant conservation program due to. This assessment includes 400 vascular plants from ninety families, including large trees, aquatic plants and epiphytes, and occupying a wide range of habitats. Approaches to ex situ conservation include methods like seed storage, field genebanks and botanical gardens. Thus, utilizing the biotechnoligical approach to complement ex situ conservation program is becoming vital. Conservation of medicinal plants of western ghats, india and. Review artical on in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants. These harvested medicinal plants are not only a major source for traditional medicine, but are also used as an important raw material for modern medicine, perfume, cosmetic products, etc. Biodiversity and conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in. Jul 30, 2016 medicinal plants are globally valuable sources of herbal products, and they are disappearing at a high speed. Insitu conservation national medicinal plants boardgovernment. Of the total plant species, % were medicinal plants, out of which 33.
Contribution of data to the medicinal plant names service mpns. In situ conservation deals with the onsite conservation of the wild genetic resourcesgenetic diversity in natural habitat. Medicinal plant conservation a listing of members, ongoing project updates, notices of upcoming events will be found on the mpsg website. There is need of conservation of medicinal plant in the in situ and ex situ.
Furthermore, many african medicinal plants are wellknown in the international markets, e. For example, whilst ex situ conservation protects cwr or more correctly, their genes from threats in the wild, it can limit evolution and adaptation to new environmental challenges. The use of plants for treating diseases is as old as the human species. The state of uttarakhand has included a chapter on conservation and sustainable. From the global perspective, many questions relating to the conservation status of medicinal plants still remain unanswered. In situ conservation of medicinal plants in and around the mountains and national park areas and ex situ techniques involving cryopreservation and conducting ethno medical survey to explore utilization of medicinal plants. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. The three project states have undertaken plantation of various medicinal plants including gsmps on, hectare. Of the 173 respondents, 82%, 81%, 74%, and 71% believed that sustainable use and conservation of medicinal plants can be achieved through secrecy, plant protection at burial sites, sacredness of plants and domestication, respectively. Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods springerlink. It has been argued that in situ conservation has a potentially valuable role to play in an integrated system for maintaining genetic resources. Biodiversity and the ecosystem approach in agriculture, forestry. India and china are two of the largest countries in asia, which have the richest array of registered and relatively wellknown medicinal plants 6. Popular observations on the use and efficacy of medicinal plants significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties, so that they are frequently prescribed, even if their chemical.
Alan hamilton proposes a model and bestpractice hypothesis for medicinal plant conservation highlighting the importance of personal relationships between community groups, project. Dna and pollen storage also contribute indirectly to ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Completion of msc project in association with queen mary university of london. Achyranthes coynei is a rare, endemic species with potential medicinal properties. To build public support for the conservation of medicinal plants through communication and cooperation.
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